Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm cov tshuaj fwj iav suav nrog cov kauj ruam xws li cov khoom siv raw khoom, moulding, kev tshuaj xyuas, ntim khoom thiab cia, cia khoom:
Cov khoom siv raw kev npaj: cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog silicon dioxide (sitarz xuab zeb yog siv los ua cov hmoov av uas yog dej qab zib (na₂ces₃), limestone (caco₃), thiab lwm yam.
MELTING: Sib tov cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab muab tso rau hauv lub cub tawg kom yaj rau yaj, thiab qhov ntsuas kub feem ntau tau dhau 1500 degree.
Moulding: Lub molten iav kua yog molded rau hauv lub ntsej muag xav tau los ntawm tshuab lossis nias.
Annealing: Lub khob iav lub raj mis yuav tsum tau Annealed kom tshem tawm sab hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab ruaj khov.
Tshuaj Xyuas: Lub khob iav yog kuaj xyuas rau tsos, ntsuas kev ntsuas loj, cov khoom ntiag tug khoom ntiag tug.
Ntim thiab ntim khoom: iav fwj uas tau dhau mus kuaj tau ntim thiab khaws cia, thiab cov chaw khaws khoom cia, thiab cov chaw khaws cia kom huv si, muaj qhov cua thiab huv si.